Optimal Bi-Level Scheduling Method of Vehicle-to-Grid and Ancillary Services of Aggregators with Conditional Value-at-Risk

With the global net-zero strategy implementation, decarbonisation of transport by massive deployment electric vehicles (EVs) has been considered to be an essential solution. However, charging EVs and integration into electricity grids is going a fundamental challenge future systems. Hence, in this situation, how effectively deploy numbers EVs, meantime what can developed deliver vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, become yet interesting tech-economical issues. Furthermore, uncertainty lack vehicle availability EV battery degradation could lead revenue loss when using as ancillary services aggregators. such considerations, paper presents new optimised V2G aggregator scheduling service that taken consideration number risks, including through conditional value-at-risk. The proposed method for service, independent aggregator, formulated bi-level optimisation problem. performance evaluated case studies on Birmingham International Airport parking lot with onsite renewable generation. Uncertainties differences weekdays weekends are also compared.